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Brain Computer Interfaces for Improving the Quality of Life of Older Adults and Elderly Patients

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This mini-examine describes a number of the modern-day research on cognitive decline and motor manipulate impairment with the aim of advancing non-invasive mind laptop interface (BCI) technology to improve health and wellness of older adults and elderly patients. First, we describe the nation of the artwork in cognitive prosthetics for psychiatric illnesses. Then, we describe the kingdom of the art of feasible assistive BCI packages for controlling an exoskeleton, a wheelchair and clever domestic for elderly humans with motor control impairments.
The number one age-associated thoughts and body modifications, the effects of age on cognitive and motor capabilities, and several BCI paradigms with ordinary duties and effects are thoroughly described. We moreover talk possibly destiny traits and generation to assist wholesome older adults and aged sufferers the use of cutting-edge BCI programs with minimum technical oversight.
Introduction
Aging has its consequences on human body and mind, specifically within the molecules, cells, vasculature, gross morphology, and cognition. This organic developing older turns into disability and dependence as time is going through. Many researchers had been suggesting transdisciplinary approaches to deal with the problem of growing older and its outcomes on sports of each day residing. Healthy older adults and aged sufferers can also have troubles in communicating, concentrating, memorizing, speaking, walking, or maintaining stability. These deficits may cause incapacity to speak with their circle of relatives, climb stairs, memorize new facts, or strain efficaciously
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The developing older way does now not have an impact on humans uniformly, however most elderly want to apply assistive era to higher carry out each day-lifestyles sports activities if handiest the want for handrails or canes to stand up steps. Unfortunately, they do not get hold of the guide they want, due to the fact the price of disturbing for them runs into the billions of bucks. Brain pc interface (BCI) technology is now being protected into the treatment of many patients tormented by cognitive or physical impairments.
Brain Computer Interface Technology
Brain pc interface is one of the most promising and increasingly more famous technology for supporting and improving communique/manage for motor paralysis (e.G., paraplegia or quadriplegia) due to stroke, spinal wire damage, cerebral palsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Eye-tracking generation additionally permits paralyzed humans to manipulate out of doors gadgets but it has many drawbacks due to the way of measuring the attention movements through cameras or the use of linked electrode on face inclusive of electrooculography (EOG) signals. BCI essentially includes translating human mind pastime into out of doors movement by manner of sending neural commands to outside gadgets (Belkacem et al., 2015a, 2018; Gao et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2020; Shao et al., 2020)
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Although, the most not unusual use of BCI is to help disabled humans with disorders within the motor tool, it is probably very useful device for enhancing the best of lifestyles of wholesome humans, specially the elderly.
There are two varieties of BCI primarily based on the electrodes used for measuring the mind interest: non-invasive BCI in which the electrodes are positioned at the scalp (e.G., EEG based totally BCI), and invasive Brain computer interface in which the electrodes are without delay related on human brain [e.G., BCI primarily based on electrocorticography (ECoG), or intracranial electroencephalography
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